גירסה מתוקנת למסמך הקודם

[

"תלעותמ קזנ רתוי - תימי תואלקח"

התלעוהש הייעבל עגונ "Nature" יתרקויה יעדמה ןותיעב םסרופש ,הז רמאמ ריצקת

סונמ ןיא ,דחמ .תימיה תואלקחה לש תיתביבסה העפשהה איהו ,םימדוקה םיכמסמב

רכינ קזנ תומרוג תימי תואלקח לש תונוש תורוצ ךדיאמ ךא ,תואלקח לש וז הרוצמ

:תוירקיע תורוצ שולשב ,תימיה תיגולוקאה תכרעמל

.םינטרסו םיגד לש יתוכאלמ לודיגל םיב םרוקמש םירצומב שומיש .1

- ונל םיחיטבמ - תליאב) תימיה תואלקחב ןוזמ רוצייל שמשמ םיב וגודנש םיגד חמק

.(ד.י - יחמצ רוקממ ןמשו חמקב םישמתשמ

םיגדה תאוצבו לצונ אלש ןוזמב הביבסה םוהיזב תימיה תואלקחה תמשאומ ןכ .2

הנשל םיגד ןוט 2000 םירציימ הב ,תליאב) םש םילדגמש םירחאה םירוציה וא

םיל אצויו ,םיגדל סבאומה ןחרזהמ 19% -ו ןקנחהמ 61% םילצונמ אל ,םיב םיבולכב

,ןידרוג ללה - הנשב םיל םיגדה יבולכמ םישרפומה ןקנח לש תונוט 207 לע רבודמ

.(.ד.י - 2000 ילויב ביבא-לתב ךרענש םורח סנכב האצרהב

דע חוכיו שיו ,ףיקע קזנה תליאב) םיבורגמו תוציב - םייפוח לודיג יתב לש סרה .3

.(תימיה תואלקחה לש וב הקלח המ

.תיעבטה הביבסב תובשחתה רתיל ארוק רמאמה

Aquaculture Can Do "More Harm Than Good"*

While fish farming on balance still adds to the world's fish supply, some trends are headed in the wrong direction. Many types of aquaculture are hastening a worldwide fisheries collapse through practices that rely too much on feeding wild caught fish to farmed fish. Some aquaculture systems also reduce wild fish supplies by destroying fish habitats and collecting wild fish to stock fish farms. So concludes a recent paper in the journal Nature.

"If done right, aquaculture could greatly benefit the world's food supply," said Rosamond Naylor, Senior Research Scholar at the Institute for International Studies at Stanford University and one of the review's principal authors. "Unfortunately, many types of aquaculture are creating unforeseen problems and we seem to be headed for big trouble as a result."

Problems with some kinds of aquaculture highlighted in the new review include:

1. Using Wild Fish to Feed Farmed Fish: Many farmed fish are fed ground up wild fish, contributing to the depletion of ocean fisheries. It takes about three pounds of wild-caught fish to grow one pound of shrimp or salmon. There is also an increasing trend toward feeding herbivorous fish species oil and fish meal to enhance production.

2. Pollution: Fish farming often produces a flow of effluent, containing feces and uneaten feed, which contributes to pollution of coastal waters.

3. Habitat Destruction: Hundreds of thousands of acres of coastal wetlands have been destroyed for aquaculture ponds and facilities. "Farming salmon and shrimp clearly results in a net loss of marine resources," stated Rebecca Goldburg, Senior Scientist at Environmental Defense and another principal author of the study. "When choosing what's for dinner, purchasing farmed fish isn't necessarily better for the environment than purchasing wild caught fish."

The authors recommend several ways to both help reduce the pressure on the world's dwindling fisheries and conduct aquaculture in an environmentally sustainable manner. These include: promoting the aquaculture of largely herbivorous fish such as catfish, tilapia or of filter feeders like scallops, mussels and oysters; and encouraging ecologically sound management of aquaculture by mandating the treatment of waste water, enforcing strict health and other biosafety measures and restricting the siting of farm ponds in mangroves and other coastal wetlands. "Fish farming and fisheries management are clearly linked ecologically and economically. They must be integrated in new ways," said co-author Jane Lubchenco, a Distinguished Professor at Oregon State University and former President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. "The world needs aquaculture. Aquaculture is so important to our future it is critical that we do it right. Now is the time to set the Blue Revolution on a productive path, not a destructive one."

*Source: Naylor, R., et al. 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405: 1017-1024.